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绘图空间基本设置 ① 创建绘图空间 ② 输出方式 ③ 绘图figure基本设置
① 创建绘图空间
② 输出方式
③ 绘图figure基本设置
输出:jupyter notebook / spyder等非notebook空间
参考官方文档:http://bokeh.pydata.org/en/latest/docs/user_guide/styling.html#text-properties
import numpy as np import pandas as pd import matplotlib.pyplot as plt %matplotlib inline import warnings warnings.filterwarnings('ignore') # 不发出警告 # 在notebook中创建绘图空间 from bokeh.plotting import figure,show # 导入图表绘制、图标展示模块 from bokeh.io import output_notebook # 导入notebook绘图模块 output_notebook() # notebook绘图命令 p = figure(plot_width=400, plot_height=400) # 创建图表,设置宽度、高度 p.circle([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [6, 7, 2, 4, 5], size=20, color="navy", alpha=0.5) # 创建一个圆形散点图 show(p) # 绘图
from bokeh.plotting import figure,show,output_file # 导入图表绘制、图标展示模块 # output_file → 非notebook中创建绘图空间 import os os.chdir('/home/zty/Documents/python/Python进阶数据分析及可视化/数据可视化/CH05数据可视化Bokeh/') # 创建工作目录 # output_file("line.html") # notebook绘图命令,创建html文件 # 运行后会弹出html窗口 p = figure(plot_width=400, plot_height=400) # 创建图表,设置宽度、高度 p.circle([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [6, 7, 2, 4, 5], size=20, color="blue", alpha=0.5) # 创建一个圆形散点图 show(p) # 绘图
df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(100,2),columns = ['A','B']) # 创建数据 p = figure(plot_width=600, plot_height=400, # 图表宽度、高度 tools = 'pan,wheel_zoom,box_zoom,save,reset,help', # 设置工具栏,默认全部显示 toolbar_location='above', # 工具栏位置:"above","below","left","right" x_axis_label = 'A', y_axis_label = 'B', # X,Y轴label x_range = [-3,3], y_range = [-3,3], # X,Y轴范围 title="测试图表" # 设置图表title ) # figure创建图表,设置基本参数 # tool参考文档:https://bokeh.pydata.org/en/latest/docs/user_guide/tools.html p.title.text_color = "white" p.title.text_font = "times" p.title.text_font_style = "italic" p.title.background_fill_color = "black" # 设置标题:颜色、字体、风格、背景颜色 p.circle(df['A'], df['B'], size=20, alpha=0.5) show(p) # 创建散点图 # 这里.circle()是figure的一个绘图方法
p = figure(plot_width=600, plot_height=400) # 创建绘图空间 p.circle(df.index, df['A'], color = 'green', size=10, alpha=0.5) p.circle(df.index, df['B'], color = '#FF0000', size=10, alpha=0.5) show(p) # 颜色设置 # ① 147个CSS颜色,参考网址:http://www.colors.commutercreative.com/grid/ # ② RGB颜色值,参考网址:https://coolors.co/87f1ff-c0f5fa-bd8b9c-af125a-582b11
p = figure(plot_width=600, plot_height=400) p.circle(df.index, df['A'], color = 'green', size=10, alpha=0.5) p.circle(df.index, df['B'], color = '#FF0000', size=10, alpha=0.5) # 绘制散点图 p.outline_line_width = 7 # 边框线宽 p.outline_line_alpha = 0.3 # 边框线透明度 p.outline_line_color = "navy" # 边框线颜色 # 设置图表边框 show(p)
p = figure(plot_width=600, plot_height=400) p.circle(df.index, df['A'], color = 'green', size=10, alpha=0.5) p.circle(df.index, df['B'], color = '#FF0000', size=10, alpha=0.5) # 绘制散点图 p.background_fill_color = "beige" # 绘图空间背景颜色 p.background_fill_alpha = 0.5 # 绘图空间背景透明度 # 背景设置参数 show(p)
p = figure(plot_width=600, plot_height=400) p.circle(df.index, df['A'], color = 'green', size=10, alpha=0.5) p.circle(df.index, df['B'], color = '#FF0000', size=10, alpha=0.5) # 绘制散点图 p.border_fill_color = "whitesmoke" # 外边界背景颜色 p.border_fill_alpha = 0.5 # 外边界透明度 p.min_border_left = 80 # 外边界背景 - 左边宽度 p.min_border_right = 80 # 外边界背景 - 右边宽度 p.min_border_top = 10 # 外边界背景 - 上宽度 p.min_border_bottom = 10 # 外边界背景 - 下宽度 show(p)
# 轴线标签、轴线线宽、轴线颜色
# 字体颜色、字体角度
p = figure(plot_width=400, plot_height=400) p.circle([1,2,3,4,5], [2,5,8,2,7], size=10) # 绘制图表 p.xaxis.axis_label = "Temp" p.xaxis.axis_line_width = 3 p.xaxis.axis_line_color = "red" p.xaxis.axis_line_dash = [6,4] # 设置x轴线:标签、线宽、轴线颜色,轴虚线 p.yaxis.axis_label = "Pressure" p.yaxis.major_label_text_color = "orange" p.yaxis.major_label_orientation = "vertical" # 设置y轴线:标签、字体颜色、字体角度 p.axis.minor_tick_in = 5 # 刻度往绘图区域内延伸长度 负数往外延伸 p.axis.minor_tick_out = 3 # 刻度往绘图区域外延伸长度 负数往外延伸 # 设置刻度 p.xaxis.bounds = (2, 4) # 设置轴线范围 show(p)
p = figure(plot_width=600, plot_height=400) p.circle(df.index, df['A'], color = 'green', size=10, alpha=0.5) p.circle(df.index, df['B'], color = '#FF0000', size=10, alpha=0.5) # 绘制散点图 p.xgrid.grid_line_color = 'red' # 颜色设置,None时则不显示 p.ygrid.grid_line_alpha = 0.8 p.ygrid.grid_line_dash = [6, 4] # 设置透明度,虚线设置 # dash → 通过设置间隔来做虚线 p.xgrid.minor_grid_line_color = 'navy' p.xgrid.minor_grid_line_alpha = 0.1 # minor_line → 设置次轴线 show(p)
p = figure(plot_width=600, plot_height=400) p.circle(df.index, df['A'], color = 'green', size=10, alpha=0.5) p.circle(df.index, df['B'], color = '#FF0000', size=10, alpha=0.5) # 绘制散点图 p.xgrid.grid_line_color = None # 设置颜色为空 p.ygrid.band_fill_alpha = 0.1 p.ygrid.band_fill_color = "navy" # 设置颜色填充,及透明度 #p.grid.bounds = (-1, 1) # 设置填充边界 show(p)
# 设置方法 → 在绘图时设置图例名称 + 设置图例位置
p = figure(plot_width=600, plot_height=400) # 创建图表 x = np.linspace(0, 4*np.pi, 100) y = np.sin(x) # 设置x,y p.circle(x, y, legend_label="sin(x)") p.line(x, y, legend_label="sin(x)") # 绘制line1,设置图例名称 p.line(x, 2*y, legend_label="2*sin(x)",line_dash=[4, 4], line_color="orange", line_width=2) # 绘制line2,设置图例名称 p.square(x, 3*y, legend_label="3*sin(x)", fill_color=None, line_color="green") p.line(x, 3*y, legend_label="3*sin(x)", line_color="green") # 绘制line3,设置图例名称 p.legend.location = "bottom_left" # 设置图例位置:"top_left"、"top_center"、"top_right" (the default)、"center_right"、"bottom_right"、"bottom_center" # "bottom_left"、"center_left"、"center" p.legend.orientation = "vertical" # 设置图例排列方向:"vertical" (默认)or "horizontal" p.legend.label_text_font = "times" p.legend.label_text_font_style = "italic" # 斜体 p.legend.label_text_color = "navy" p.legend.label_text_font_size = '12pt' # 设置图例:字体、风格、颜色、字体大小 p.legend.border_line_width = 3 p.legend.border_line_color = "navy" p.legend.border_line_alpha = 0.5 # 设置图例外边线:宽度、颜色、透明度 p.legend.background_fill_color = "gray" p.legend.background_fill_alpha = 0.2 # 设置图例背景:颜色、透明度 show(p)
# 总结一下: # Line Properties → 线设置 # Fill Properties → 填充设置 # Text Properties → 字体设置 # 1、Line Properties → 线设置 # (1)line_color,设置颜色 # (2)line_width,设置宽度 # (3)line_alpha,设置透明度 # (4)line_join,设置连接点样式:'miter' miter_join,'round' round_join,'bevel' bevel_join # (5)line_cap,设置线端口样式,'butt' butt_cap,'round' round_cap,'square' square_cap # (6)line_dash,设置线条样式,'solid','dashed','dotted','dotdash','dashdot',或者整型数组方式(例如[6,4]) # 2、Fill Properties → 填充设置 # (1)fill_color,设置填充颜色 # (2)fill_alpha,设置填充透明度 # 3、Text Properties → 字体设置 # (1)text_font,字体 # (2)text_font_size,字体大小,单位为pt或者em( '12pt', '1.5em') # (3)text_font_style,字体风格,'normal' normal text,'italic' italic text,'bold' bold text # (4)text_color,字体颜色 # (5)text_alpha,字体透明度 # (6)text_align,字体水平方向位置,'left', 'right', 'center' # (7)text_baseline,字体垂直方向位置,'top','middle','bottom','alphabetic','hanging' # 4、可见性 # p.xaxis.visible = False # p.xgrid.visible = False # 基本参数中都含有.visible参数,设置是否可见
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